Note to the Reader
Start to Learn Linguistics is mainly taken from Todd, Loreto. 1987. An Introduction to Linguistics. York Press and it is also compiled from some linguistics sources to provide basic information about the analysis and description of languages and about the ways in which human beings use their languages to communicate with one another. That is what Start to Learn Linguistics about, and how it should be defined.Start to Learn Linguistics is intended to serve as an introduction to linguistics to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of linguistics. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be linguists but who feel that the ability to read linguistic literature related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, Start to Learn Linguistics is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject.
Contents
Chapter 1: WHAT IS LINGUISTICS?
What is Language?
The Component of Language
Chapter 2: PHONOLOGY
Phonetics
Phonetic Transcription
The organ of Speech
Vowel and Consonants
Articulation
Articulatory Setting
Classification of Consonants
Manner of Articulation
Place of Articulation
Classification of Vowel
The Cardinal Vowels
Suprasegmental Phonemes
Chapter 3: THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH
The Phonemes of English
The Consonants of English
The Vowel of English
Consonant Clusters
Consonant Clusters in Initial Position
Consonant Clusters in Final Position
Chapter 4: MORPHOLOGY
Free and Bound Morphemes
Allomorphs
Derivational Morphology
Inflectional morphology
Inflection versus Derivation
Summary
Chapter 5: LEXICOLOGY
What do we mean by ‘word’?
Word Formation
Word Classes
Summary
Chapter 6: SYNTAX
The phrase
The clause
The sentence
Subordinate Clauses
Sentence Structure
Phrase Structure Tree
Summary
Chapter 7: SEMANTICS
The Meaning of ‘Meaning’
Polysemy
Synonymy
Antonymy
Hyponymy
Hipernymy
Meronymy
Ambiguity
Idioms
Summary
Chapter 8: BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICS
Sociolinguistics
Psycholinguistics
Applied Linguistics
Students’ Activities
Phonetic Spelling
References
